Discussions

Gene methylation, gene mutations, and protein markers are commonly used biomarkers for brain tumor diagnosis. However, the mechanisms of brain tumorigenesis are complex, and a large number of studies have demonstrated the limitations of relying on single omics, as the analysis of single-level data can only provide little cause-and-effect relationships. In contrast, a multi omics data integration strategy spanning genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels of different cellular functions has the potential to provide unparalleled insights into the underlying biology of brain tumors.

Introduction to Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have killed more than a million people worldwide in a single year. This indicates that these superbugs have become a major infectious disease. The main superbugs that we have studied and known more about so far include carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, MRSA, and Clostridium difficile. CRE is usually found in our stomach, but some of these bacteria cause bloodstream infections and are resistant to all antibiotics. Acinetobacter baumannii becomes resistant to antibiotics more quickly than other bacteria. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the STD gonorrhea, which in the past was easily treated with antibiotics. However, it is now becoming more resistant to antibiotics.

H. pylori belong to the group of Gram-negative bacteria with outer and inner membranes. H. pylori contains more than 60 outer membrane genes. The most studied adhesins belong to the outer MPs. In addition to adhesins, there are also efflux pump proteins and iron-regulated proteins. The inner MPs of H. pylori include Urel, an important protein for H. pylori survival, and some efflux pump proteins. These outer and inner MPs play important roles in the survival, pathogenesis, and drug resistance of H. pylori. For example, nickel import and export MPs are essential for the survival and pathogenesis of H. pylori as they affect the activity of hydrogenase and urease of H. pylori.

As a fast-growing and innovative company, CD Biosynsis has established a powerful synthetic biology platform to integrate engineering principles and a broad range of methodologies from various disciplines, including biology, bioinformatics, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and computer science. We have built a multidisciplinary team dedicated to developing novel synthetic biology tools and incorporating emerging technologies into our platform, giving us the ability to provide custom synthetic biology services and effective strategies to accelerate our customers’ synthetic biology research and development processes.

Synthetic DNA library refers to a collection of DNA fragments stored in host microorganisms by molecular cloning. Each fragment can be stored in a host organism separately. By rapidly and accurately replicating DNA in host organisms and producing detectable quantities, we can have quick access to many different sequences of interest with ease and efficiency. Synthetic DNA libraries enable us to achieve gene synthesis and cloning faster, more intelligent, and more reliable.

Ophthalmological rare diseases are mostly inherited blinding eye diseases that severely damage the structure and function of the eye and seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients and their offspring. Ophthalmic diseases designated as orphan conditions have heterogeneous causes, including inherited genetic defects (e.g., Leber's congenital claustrophobia (LCA) and Stargardt's disease), autoimmune syndromes, or neovascular damage.

Skeletal rare diseases are a group of disorders that affect the development and maintenance of bone and cartilage tissues, leading to bone fragility, deformities, and growth abnormalities. These diseases are uncommon, with an estimated prevalence ranging from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 100,000 individuals, depending on the specific disease. Due to their rarity and complexity, developing effective therapies is challenging. Currently, animal models have been used extensively in research on skeletal rare diseases to understand the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and test potential therapeutic interventions.

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