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Introduction
Tumors involve cellular alterations, including growth and division that take cells out of their normal limits, leading to invasion and destruction of adjacent tissues and eventual metastasis to distant sites in the body. Oncology researchers need better research tools that allow them to more easily study the complex, unknown interactions between tumor cells and their environment and identify points of therapeutic intervention for tumors.

3D cell culture provides cells with a microenvironment that more closely resembles in vivo survival conditions and can better mimic physiological states, establishing physiological cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions that mimic the specificity of natural tissues. Moreover, in 3D cell culture, cell adsorption can occur on the entire cell surface, and the degree of cell adsorption and extension affects its proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation functions. All of these can lead to more consistent experimental results with in vivo experiments for 3D cultured cells. With improvements in biorelevance, ease of use and throughput of several new 3D cell culture techniques, this technology is increasingly being used in basic research and drug discovery.

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